• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In a method for processing a useful surface of a floor covering, first structures (2) are introduced into a sheet-like cork material (1) by a material-removing method, the first structures (2) having a first mean depth. A layer (3, 4) is applied to the flat cork material (1) provided with the first structures (2). Then, second structures (7) are introduced into the cork material (1) provided with the layer (3, 4), the second structures (7) having a second average depth which is less than the first mean depth. This can affect the look of the product in many ways. The visual impression may differ significantly from that of a smooth, printed surface. In particular, the combination of first patterning, coating and subsequent second patterning can provide surfaces which have the appearance of a non-polished natural material (e.g., wood, slate, or the like).
    公开号:CH710203A1
    申请号:CH01495/14
    申请日:2014-10-02
    公开日:2016-04-15
    发明作者:Mühlebach Moritz
    申请人:Proverum Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical area
    The invention relates to a method for processing a user surface of a floor covering. It further relates to 'a floor covering, which can be produced by such a method.
    State of the art
    Floor coverings with a user surface made of cork material have been known for some time. They often include cork floor panels, which in addition to the useful surface of cork have a substantially dimensionally stable base, which is provided with tongue and groove elements, so that the cork floor panels can be easily assembled into a cork floor. Furthermore, floors are known in which the cork floor panels are bonded directly to the ground.
    To produce the user surface, a flat cork material is first produced. For this purpose, cork, e.g. Remains from the bottle cork production, ground to a granulate and then pressed together with an adhesive under heat. From the resulting blocks of material cork layers of the desired thickness are produced by peeling. They can then be joined together or with layers of other materials to form a multi-layered floor covering.
    Cork floors always feel warm due to the low thermal conductivity of the cork material and offer good pedaling comfort due to their elasticity. The appearance of a conventional cork floor, however, is largely predetermined due to the material used and can not satisfy all the requirements.
    It has therefore already been proposed to structure cork floor panels and / or to print. Thus, EP 1990 186 A2 (E. Lingg) proposes first to anneal a high-density cork coating at at least 150 ° C., then to glue and press it with an insulating layer and an HDF carrier plate, to grind and prime the surface, then apply a water-based UV-curable lacquer using digital printing and finally apply at least two sealing layers. Thus, it is possible that the cork floor panels may have a different appearance, e.g. that of a wood or stone surface.
    WO 2009/065 769 A2 (Välinge Innovation) describes floor panels with a particularly abrasion-resistant surface. The floor panels include a core and a surface layer. The surface layer contains a homogeneous mixture of wood fibers, binders and abrasion-resistant particles. Cork may be included in the surface layer and may replace some or all of the wood fibers. Furthermore, the surface layer can be processed with lasers to create decorative edges and patterns. The preformed surface can then be printed. A method is proposed in which the shape of a press is simultaneously used as a stamp for printing. An ink-jet printing method is also proposed.
    Printed cork floors are commercially available. The print quality is considerable, but due to the smooth surface of the ground cork layer, the surface has no appearance similar to that of a natural material, e.g. from a corresponding wood or stone material, corresponds. In part, this problem is addressed by applying thick, textured lacquer layers to the user surface, using lacquers of differing consistency and gloss. Another technique provides for the subsequent processing of a lacquer layer, for example by a heated, structured roller acting on the lacquer layer. Even so, however, not every desired optical appearance can be achieved, especially because the depth of the structures achievable with it is very limited. Furthermore, the durability of the structure thus produced is questionable, and the methods are expensive.
    Presentation of the invention
    The object of the invention is to provide a the technical field mentioned above belonging process for processing a user surface of a floor covering, which creates extended opportunities for influencing the visual appearance of cork floors.
    The solution of the problem is defined by the features of claim 1. According to the invention, the method comprises the following steps:<tb> a) <SEP> introducing first structures into a sheet-like cork material by a material-removing method, wherein the first structures have a first mean depth;<b> <b> <SEP> applying a layer to the sheet-like cork material provided with the first structures;<c> <SEP> introducing second structures into the layered cork material, the second structures having a second average depth that is less than the first mean depth.
    The mean depth of the first structures is understood to mean a weighted average of the height difference between a plane formed by the highest elevations and the local height. If, during the introduction of the first structures, the entire original surface of the flat cork material is not removed, the mean depth of the first structures corresponds to a surface-weighted average of the height difference between the original surface of the flat cork material and the local height of the surface provided with the first structures ,
    The average depth of the second structures is understood to mean a weighted average of the height difference between the surface provided with the first structures and the local height.
    The first and the second structures have different depths. Preferably, they also have different areal expansions. In particular, the second structures have areal expansions which are smaller than the areal expansions of the first structures. This results in a macrostructure (first structures) and a microstructure (second structures), which both influence the visual impression of the surface differently.
    For the generation of the second structures, in particular a different processing method is selected than for the generation of the first structures. The methods may differ with respect to the effect parameters or geometrical properties of the tools used, or two different types of machining methods may be used.
    By the inventive method, the appearance of the product can be influenced in many ways. The visual impression may differ significantly from that of a smooth, printed surface. In particular, the combination of first patterning, coating and subsequent second patterning can provide surfaces which have the appearance of a non-ground natural material (e.g., wood, slate, or the like). The invention is not limited to such surfaces, it is also suitable for the production of floor coverings, which should not have the appearance of a natural material.
    By the method according to the invention, therefore, a floor covering can be produced, which comprises the following<tb> a) <SEP> a useful surface of a flat cork material, wherein the user surface is provided with first structures produced by a material-removing process having a first mean depth;<b> <b> <SEP> a layer applied to the structured user surface;<Tb> where<tb> c) <SEP> the surface provided with the layer is provided with second structures that are formed at least in the layer and have a second average depth that is less than the first mean depth.
    The second structures can thus be formed exclusively in the layer applied to the structured user surface, or they can penetrate this layer and extend into the cork material.
    Advantageously, a thickness of the flat cork material is 1-5, preferably 2-4 mm. Cork of such thicknesses suitable for utility areas of a floor covering is generally available.
    The floor covering advantageously further comprises a dimensionally stable layer on which the user surface is applied. The dimensionally stable layer is in particular a high-density fiberboard (HDF). The user surface can be applied directly to the dimensionally stable layer or intermediate layers can be present. A preferred construction of the floor covering comprises, for example, from bottom to top, a cork base having a thickness of 1-2 mm and an antibacterial layer; This pad is primarily used for impact sound insulation. Next follows a high density fiberboard of thickness 7-10 mm, then the sheet cork material which forms the surface of use (e.g., 3 mm thick plus the applied layer minus the first and second structurings). Other layer structures are based on a plurality of cork layers bonded together.
    As an alternative to a layer construction, the invention can also be applied in connection with cork panels, which themselves have a certain dimensional stability, e.g. have a thickness of 5 mm or more, and which are glued as such over the entire surface.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the floor covering comprises a plurality of plates, wherein the dimensionally stable layer comprises mutually cooperating fastening elements in edge regions of the plates. In particular, the fasteners are grooves and springs, which allow attachment of adjacent plates by a so-called click connection. Corresponding geometries have long been known in particular of laminate flooring.
    Preferably, the layer comprises a print layer which is applied by printing the structured cork material by a digital printing process. Printing can produce a wide variety of visual impressions. Ink-jet printing methods are particularly suitable as non-contact printing methods for printing the surface structure provided with the surface. They can also be used inexpensively and over a large area, the type of printing to be created are virtually unlimited. Suitable printing inks are, for example, UV-curing inks based on dyes and / or pigments.
    The layer may consist exclusively of the printing layer produced by printing or comprise further partial layers. Instead of the ink-jet printing method, another method may be employed, or paint may be applied by another technique, e.g. Airbrush.
    When printing a aligned on the structures introduced pattern print can be generated. This creates various possibilities: on the one hand, the printed image can be chosen such that the optical impression of the first and / or second structuring and of the printing is mutually reinforced, e.g. by first structuring a wood grain and then highlighting it in color. The structuring and the print pattern can also be complementary insofar as structured areas are not printed or printed differently than non-structured areas. For example, the appearance of a tiled surface can be achieved if the troughs corresponding trough-like depressions are introduced in the structuring and if the (unstructured or otherwise structured) surfaces between the wells are printed with a tile pattern in the context of printing.
    The structuring and the print pattern can be predefined even before the production of the floor covering. When printing is then merely paid attention that the print pattern is correctly aligned with the structuring. In a variant, the print pattern is generated only after the patterning has been created, in particular by detecting the patterning produced, e.g. optically and / or mechanically, and depending on the acquired data, the print data is generated or modified.
    Alternatively, a printing pattern independent of the introduced structures is produced during printing.
    For example, it is possible to produce a surface structure which corresponds to the structure of a natural surface, while the printing also reproduces the colors of the natural surface. Furthermore, a desired texture can be achieved with the structuring, after which, for example, geometric patterns or lettering are printed on the surface.
    Preferably, the layer comprises a protective layer. The protective layer is in particular a sealing layer or a lacquer, e.g. with a water-based paint, which has polyurethane and / or acrylic components. The protective layer may in particular also comprise two or more layers of identical or different materials. It has the task of protecting the flat cork material from harmful influences and can also contribute to a desired appearance of the surface of the floor covering.
    The layer may consist exclusively of the protective layer or comprise further partial layers.
    In a preferred embodiment, the layer comprises both a printing and a protective layer, wherein after printing, the protective layer is applied. The protective layer thus serves in particular to protect the print layer.
    The protective layer can also serve as a medium for the production of the second structures. If a printing layer is present, it is advantageous if the thickness of the protective layer and the second depth are selected such that the second structures do not penetrate the printed layer formed by the printing. This means that even with the lowest generated second structures, the reason for them is not lower than the inner beginning of the print layer. This ensures that the visual appearance created by the printed image is not impaired by the second structures.
    Advantageously, the second structures are introduced by means of a machining tool with flexible surface elements. "Flexible" in this context means that the surface elements noticeably deform during operation when contacting the surface to be processed. Due to their flexibility, the surface elements can thus also penetrate into the first structures and ensure that second structures can be produced essentially on the entire surface provided with first structures.
    Alternatively, the machining tool has substantially rigid surface elements.
    Preferably, a surface of the machining tool is provided with local influencing elements. These local influencing elements act locally on the surface to be processed and are thus able to penetrate into the first structures. In particular, the dimensions of the influencing elements approximately correspond to the dimensions of the second structures to be produced. Particularly preferably, the influencing elements are both local and flexible in order to enable a comprehensive and material-saving processing.
    Suitable local influencing elements are, for example, wire or nail-like elements.
    In a preferred embodiment, the second structures are introduced by means of a roller-type machining tool. Such a processing tool has, for example, a processing surface which corresponds to the casing of a cylinder or a cone or truncated cone. The processing tool rolls substantially on the surface to be processed, wherein the roller and / or the workpiece are moved linearly at a corresponding speed. The surface of the machining tool or the corresponding surface elements act together with the surface to be processed. The linear relative speed and the rotational speed of the roller-type machining tool can be chosen so that no pure rolling movement takes place, but that the relevant elements of the surface of the machining tool move relative to the machined surface; Thus, a machining in the manner of a grinding process can be achieved.
    Advantageously, the roller-type machining tool has a surface made of an elastic material. This allows adaptation to unevenness of the surface provided with the first structures, in particular to such large-scale nature.
    The machining tool may be provided together with the surface of elastic material with local influencing elements whose hardness is greater than that of the elastic surface. In this way, it is ensured that the machining depth over the entire surface (measured in each case from a central surface on which the roller-type machining tool unrolls) is essentially constant.
    In a preferred embodiment, the machining tool is brush-like, in particular as a rotating brush roller. The brush roller may be formed, for example, in the manner of a rotating wire brush, wherein the wires are oriented substantially radially.
    Preferably, the first structures comprise structural elements having a depth of 0.05-2.0 mm. Such structures create the desired optical effect, have neither negative effects on the useful properties of the floor covering surface nor on the printability. Particularly preferred are structures with a depth of 0.1-0.5 mm. The structures may in particular be formed exclusively from such structural elements. However, it is also possible that additional elements are present among the first structures, in particular those of lesser depth.
    Preferably, the first structures comprise elongated structural elements with a width of 1-30 mm. An elongated structural element is here understood to mean an element whose shape comprises a substantially linear main extent, a length (along this main extent) being significantly greater than a width transverse to the main extent, for example at least 6 times. Structural elements with widths of 1-30 mm can be produced relatively easily, e.g. by milling, grinding or planing operations, they correspond to structures which are common in natural materials (e.g., wood, stone) and they provide an optical appearance which is clearly different from that of a merely printed but otherwise smooth surface.
    The first structures may have further or different structural elements. Ultimately, the dimensions depend on the structuring method used and the desired visual appearance.
    Preferably, a ratio of the average depth of the second structures to the mean depth of the first structures is 0.02-0.20. The second structures are thus significantly finer than the first; While the first structures relate to the actual cork material, the second structures are (primarily) formed in the layer (s) applied to the cork material.
    The material-removing method for producing the first structures advantageously acts only partially on the flat cork material, d. H. another part of the user surface corresponds to the original, substantially flat surface of the cork material. The removal takes place regionally or even selectively. This simplifies the material-removing processing of the cork material, the loss of thickness is minimal, and it is achieved a surface corresponding to a flat surface with introduced recesses. This is very similar to rough-worked wood or stone surfaces.
    Alternatively, the entire surface is processed by the material-removing method, wherein the structures result from the fact that the processing takes place in different places in different ways.
    Preferably, the material-removing process is CNC-controlled. This allows flexible material removal with minimal changeover times. It is also possible to incorporate a random element into the CNC control, so that each structuring produced differs from each other.
    The material-removing process for producing the first structures is preferably a milling, grinding or planing process. It has been found that such methods can be applied to a flat cork material. Furthermore, they allow targeted control of the generation of the desired structures. The material composition and production parameters of the cork material (grain sizes of the cork granules, plastic content, pressing pressure and temperature) may have to be adapted to the material-removing process used.
    Other methods are possible, e.g. by means of wire brushes, which act with constant or alternating pressure on the flat cork material.
    From the following detailed description and the totality of the claims, there are further advantageous embodiments and feature combinations of the invention.
    Brief description of the drawings
    The drawings used to explain the embodiment show:<Tb> FIG. 1A-G <SEP> vertical cross sections through a floor covering according to the invention in various stages of production;<Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> is a schematic plan view of the structuring of the floor covering according to the invention;<Tb> FIG. 3A <SEP> is a plan view of a structured cork board for a floor covering according to the invention,<Tb> FIG. 3B <SEP> a cross-section through the wear layer of the cork plate; and<Tb> FIG. 3C <SEP> is a top view of the floor covering constructed of a plurality of cork plates.
    Basically, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals in the figures.
    Ways to carry out the invention
    FIGS. 1A-G show vertical cross sections through a floor covering according to the invention in various stages of production. Fig. 1A shows a layer 1 of cork of constant thickness, e.g. 3 mm. In particular, a layer which has been produced from cork granules of small particle size is used, so that a smooth surface results which can be printed according to the inventive production of surface structures and substantially shows the surface obtained by the patterning, aesthetically unaffected by the granularity of the granules ,
    In the upper main surface 1a of the layer 1, a first structuring 2 is now introduced (see FIG. 1B). For this purpose, a material-removing method is used. In particular, a CNC-controlled system is used, by means of which one or more grinding wheels can be moved to any surface positions of the layer 1 and allow any submersion of the grinding wheels in the situation 1. Depending on the geometry of the grinding wheel and a rotation of the grinding wheel about a vertical axis, if necessary, also be possible around a horizontal axis. With the grinding wheel or the grinding wheels, a desired first structuring 2 in the main surface 1a of the layer 1 can thus be produced. The depth of the structural elements of the first structuring 2 is 0.1-0.3 mm in the example shown. The structuring, for example, simulates the grain 20 of a wood panel, as shown in the schematic plan view of FIG. 2: individual recesses 21 along the imaginary grain 20 are produced by means of a grinding wheel. For this purpose, the grinding wheel is lowered at the beginning of a recess to be generated in the position 1, then moved along the predetermined line of the grain 20 and finally raised again until the grinding wheel loses contact with the layer 1. In order to save time, adjacent recesses 21 are generated in opposite directions, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 2.
    Next, the patterned major surface 1a of the sheet 1 is printed by an ink-jet printing method to form a printed layer 3 (see Fig. 1C). After printing and a dependent on the printing process and the ink used drying time, a protective layer 4 is applied to the print layer 3, in particular a water-based resist with acrylic and polyurethane proportions. This results in the situation shown in FIG. 1D.
    Now a fine structure 7 is generated. In this case, the structured, printed and provided with the protective layer 4 layer 1 with a corresponding tool, e.g. worked with a wire brush. The result is structures with a depth of, for example, 0.01-0.03 mm and there is a roughened surface, which looks very similar to that of a natural, only surface-treated material. In the illustrated embodiment, the fine structure 7 is generated exclusively in the protective layer 4, d. H. at least a part of the protective layer 4 and the entire printing layer 3 are still present on the entire surface of the floor covering. In the illustrated embodiment, the fine structure 7 is generated only in partial areas of the surface, other portions are not processed in this step. In other embodiments, substantially the entire surface can also be provided with a fine structuring.
    Now, the layer 1 with the printing layer 3 and provided with the fine structure 7 protective layer 4 is glued to a 9 mm thick plate 5 made of HDF. Subsequently, elements for a tongue and groove connection of adjacent plates are milled into the edge in the manner of a so-called "click connection". Finally, a 1.5 mm thick cork pad 6 is glued to the underside of the plate 5 made of HDF. It is used in particular for impact sound insulation.
    The finished layer system advantageously forms plates of predetermined size, which can then easily be connected together to form a floor thanks to the connecting elements.
    FIG. 3A shows a plan view of a structured cork board for a floor covering according to the invention. FIG. 3B shows a vertical cross section through the wear layer of the cork board along the line A-A shown in FIG. 3A. FIG. 3C shows a plan view of the floor covering constructed of a plurality of cork plates.
    The cork plate 10 consists of a layer system, as has been described above in connection with FIG. 1. The structuring 12 introduced into the wear layer 11 comprises a circumferential outer trough-like depression 12a adjoining the edge of the cork plate 10 and inner trough-like depressions 12b extending transversely to the corresponding edge and intersecting at an angle of 90 °. The outer recess 12a comprises a wall running obliquely into the surface starting from the main surface 11a of the wear layer and a flat base extending parallel to the main surface 11a and extending to the edge of the cork plate 10. The inner recesses 12b include a bottom enclosed by walls on both sides, the inclination angle of the walls and the depth of the outer and inner recesses 12a, 12b are equal, the width of the base is twice as large in the inner recesses 12b as in the outer recesses 12a. In the example shown, the cork plate 10 is divided by the inner recesses 12b into a total of six square sections. As shown in FIG. 3C, the cork plate 10 is subsequently provided with a printing, a protective layer and a fine structuring as described above. The printing is chosen so that the square portions are printed with a pattern, while the trough-like depressions 12a, 12b have a uniform color.
    If now, as shown in Fig. 3C, several of the cork plates 10.1 ... 10.4 attached directly to each other, results in a regular geometry, each with the same size trough-like depressions between the square sections. This geometry continues beyond the joint edges of adjacent plates. Because the seam extends between the adjacent plates in the bottom of the trough-like outer recesses 12a, it is practically invisible.
    The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. In particular, the layer structure of the cork plates and the geometry of the structuring can be chosen differently. In addition, many material-removing processes for producing the first structuring can also be used, even in combination. The same applies to the applicable methods and tools for the production of fine structuring.
    In summary, it should be noted that the invention provides a method for processing a useful surface of a floor covering, which creates extended possibilities for influencing the visual appearance of cork floors.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    1. A method for processing a useful surface of a floor covering, comprising the following steps:a) introducing first structures into a sheet-like cork material by a material-removing method, wherein the first structures have a first mean depth;b) applying a layer to the area provided with the first structures surface cork material;c) introducing second structures into the layered cork material, the second structures having a second average depth that is less than the first mean depth.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer comprises a printing layer, which is applied by printing the structured cork material by a digital printing method.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the layer comprises a protective layer.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that after printing the protective layer is applied.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the second depth is selected such that the second structures do not penetrate the printing layer formed by the printing.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second structures are introduced by means of a machining tool with flexible surface elements.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that a surface of the machining tool is provided with local influencing elements.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the second structures are introduced by means of a roller-like machining tool.
    [9]
    9. The method according to claims 6 and 8, characterized in that the roller-like machining tool has a surface made of an elastic material.
    [10]
    10. The method according to claims 7 and 9, characterized in that the local influencing elements consist of a material which has a hardness which is greater than that of the elastic material.
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the machining tool is formed like a brush, in particular as a rotating brush roller.
    [12]
    12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the first structures comprise structural elements with a depth of 0.05-2.0 mm.
    [13]
    13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the first structures comprise elongated structural elements with a width of 1-30 mm.
    [14]
    14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a ratio of the average depth of the second structures to the mean depth of the first structures is 0.02-0.20.
    [15]
    15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the material-removing method acts in regions on the flat cork material.
    [16]
    16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the material-removing method for producing the first structures is a milling, grinding or planing method.
    [17]
    17. Floor covering, producible by a method according to one of claims 1 to 16, comprisinga) a user surface of a flat cork material, wherein the user surface is provided with produced by a material-removing process first structures having a first average depth;b) a layer applied to the structured user surface; in whichc) the layer provided with the user surface is provided with second structures which are formed at least in the layer and have a second average depth which is less than the first average depth.
    [18]
    18. Floor covering according to claim 17, characterized in that a thickness of the flat cork material is 1-5, preferably 2-4 mm.Bodenbelag according to claim 17 or 18, characterized by a dimensionally stable layer on which the user surface is applied.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CH710203B1|2018-03-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE10247881A1|2002-10-14|2004-04-22|Wöhler Brush Tech GmbH|Process to replicate the surface structure of wood on a moving man-made material such as floor coverings using two rows of rotating brushes|
    US20060191222A1|2005-02-28|2006-08-31|Vincente Sabater|Flooring system having large floor pattern|
    US20100092731A1|2008-04-07|2010-04-15|Valinge Innovation Belgium Bvba|Wood fibre based panels with a thin surface layer|
    DE102012112562A1|2012-12-18|2014-06-18|Guido Schulte|Floor element for use as decorative floor, has supporting plate with upper side coating, where click connection unit is provided on longitudinal side and on head side of supporting plate|
    US20140196618A1|2013-01-11|2014-07-17|Floor Iptech Ab|Digital embossing|
    DE202014102031U1|2013-11-27|2014-07-18|Guido Schulte|Floor, wall, ceiling or furniture panel|
    法律状态:
    2020-09-30| PFA| Name/firm changed|Owner name: PROVERUM AG, CH Free format text: FORMER OWNER: PROVERUM AG, CH |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH01495/14A|CH710203B1|2014-10-02|2014-10-02|Method for processing a useful surface of a floor covering.|CH01495/14A| CH710203B1|2014-10-02|2014-10-02|Method for processing a useful surface of a floor covering.|
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